Flying-machine.



J. l. MILLIN.

FLYING MACHINE (APPLICATION F |LED APR-24,1911.

Patented Feb. 15, 1916.

7 SHEETS-SHEET! J. J. MILLIN.

FLYING MACHINE. APPUCATION FILED APR. 24, m1.

Patented Feb. 15, 1916.

'7 SHEETSSHEET 2.

J. J. MILLIN.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.24, I911.

' Patented Feb. 15,1916.

7 $HEETSSHEET 3.

@Xhhwaseo: v .512 9 16141 1 J. J. MILLIN.

FLYING MACHINE.

7 APPLICATION FILED APR. 24. 1911.

1,1715865. I Patented Beb.15,1916

7 SHEETS-SHIz-TT 4-- Q}. J. MILLIN. mm MACHINE. aryucjn'ou FILED APR.24, 9'11.

Patelited Feb. 15,191

7 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

7 "from witnesses JOHN J. MILLIN, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

FLYING-MACHINE T all whom it may concern:

lie it known that JOHN J. MILLIN, a citizen" of the United States, and aresident of the borough of Brooklyn, in the county ofKings and State ofNew York, have in- -vented certain new and useful Improvements inFlying-Machines, of which the following 1s a specification. Thisinvention relates to that class of flymg' machines which are supportedby the reaction of the air underone or more aeroplanes. It difl ers fromthe type in general use at this time, in thefact that the presentnachi'nes depend forv their support on the compression of the airunder'their aero planes, by placing the sald 'aer'oplanesmt a small angle ofincidence with the horizontal plane, whereas in my. invention the angleof incidence of. the aeroplanes-1s immaterial and in fact the planes mayhave a reverse angle from that now used. The lifting ef iect inthisinvention is obtained by rarefyfing the air immediately above itsaeroplanes,

by the means hereinafter described.

Someof the objects of my invention are to, provide means for rarefymgthe air above the planes asabove stated, (and to provide means bothautomatic and manually controlled, to increase or decrease the degree of'arefaction above any-or all of the planes,

' arm 4.4 is ournalcd on one of the cross in order to maintain thelateral and longitudinal equilibrium of the machine, to bank the samewhen turning to'the right or left and for ascending and descending.

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents a partial top plan view of theinvention with portions broken away, Fig.2 shows a partial. section ofFig. 1 on-the line 2--2, Fig.3 is a front view of the machine, Fig. 4is'a rear 'view of the machine, Fig. 5 is an enlarged fi'agmcntarysection of Fig. 1 on the line 5, Fig. (i is a section of Fig. 5 on theline (i-43, Fig. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary portion of Fig. 1, Fig. 8is a. section of Fig. 7 on the line 88. Fig. 9 is an enlargedfragmentary portion of Fig: 2,,Fig. 10 is a right hand side view of Fig.9, Fig. 11 is a section of Fig. 1' onthe line 11l1. Fig. 12 is a lefthand side view of Fig. 11. Fig. v13 is an enlarged partial section ofFig. 2 on the line 13, lt-LFigr. 14 is a section of Fig. 13 on the line.14, 14, Fig. 15 is a section ot'Fig. 12:? on the line 15, 15, Fig. 16 isan enlarged plan view of the frontp firtion of'the machine. Fig. 17shows a right hand side view of Fig. 16, Fig. 18 represents a partialen- Specificatton of 'Letters Patent.

latented Feb. 15, 121i).

. Application filed April 24,1911. Serial. 3'0. 622,961.

larged section of Fig. 1 on the line 18, 18, Fig. 19 represents afragmentary plan view of a' modified aeroplane withits appurtenances,and Fig. 20 shows a section of Fi 19 on the line 20, 20.

The invention as exemplified in the drawlngs, comprises a frame with theupper longitudinal member 20, the lower longitudinal members 21, 22,upright braces 23, connect- 1ng'the members 20 and 21, 22, andeross.braces 24that connect the members 21, 22.

Aninclined front brace frame 25 connects the front ends of the members20, 21, 22. ijknupper horizontal converging member 26, of the rudderframe of the machine extends from the rear end of the member 20,. and alower horizontal convergingmember 2-7 of the rudder frame extends fromthe members 21, 22. Vertical braces 28 of the rudder frame connect themembers 26 and 27. and arudder bracket 29 connects the ends of se 1dmembers 26, 27. A wheel frame 30 extends from the members 21, 22-, andhas formed on itsends the forks 31, on which latter are journaled thewheels 39. A V- shaped wheel bracket is also connected to the members21, 22, and has formed on its lower end the fork 41, in which latter isjournaled. the wheel 4:2. with the horizontal arms 13 and the verticalbraces 24. A second front bell cranlc with the horizontal arms and the.vcrtical arm 46, is journaled on an adjacent cross brace 24. The arm 46has av slot 17, in which is located a screw -18, the ends of whichlatter are journaled in said arm '16. and which car ries in threadedengagement therewith the block 49, with th pn 'otsM). and also carriesat its upper end the grooved pulley 51. The

arms 4-min- 46 are pirotally connected at their lower ends by the frontconnecting rod 52. A rear bell crank with hmizontal arms (30 and thevertical arm (31 is jt'lill'llilltti on one of the cross braces 2-1. Asecond rear bell-crank with the horizontal arms 2 and the vertical arm(33 is jonrnaled on an adjacent cross brace 24. The vert'icat arms 61and 62-1 are pivotally connected attireir lower ends by the rearconnecting rod 64. i A. cen tral ('.O1l11(.(ftlfl{l rod-(35 has one endpivotally eoniwcteil to the arm (31, and the other end engages thepivots of the block 49.

A. shaft 70 is journaled in the ends of the lmrizontal arms 13 of thein. t bell-crank and the said shaft has formed rmvith A front hell crankthe forked ends 71; 72, in which latter are tions of the suspcm ion rods73 83. The respectively pivoted the suspension rods 73, main ribs 127,13 connected by a plu- 74. A. shaft 80 similar to 70 is journal'edrality, of longitudinal ribs 145) sin'rilar to in the ends 6f thehorizontal arms of the A covering 150 is secured to the top 5 secondfront bell-crank and the said shaft, and bottom faces of thelongitudinal ribs has formed therewith the forked ends 81, 1 19 and formwith the latter and with the 82 in which are respectively pivoted thesusmain ribs 12L 130 the front right hand aere pension rods 83; 84'. Ashaft 90 similar to plane designated generally by Amos- 1 70 isjournaled in the ends of the horizontal cillating shaft 150 similar to136 is jour- 10 arms 60, of the rear bell-crank, and the said naled inthe front ends of the longitudinal shaft has forinedtherewith the forkedends ribs 149, and has fastened thereto the forked 91, 92 inwhich arerespectively pivoted the arm 15? similar to 137 and in which ispivsuspension. rods '93, 94. A shaft 100 similar oted the trunnion block158 similar to 138-. y to 90 is journaled in the ends of the hori- Tothe latter is pivoted the upper end of 15 zontal arms 620i thesecon'drear bell-crank the adj misting rod 160 similar to 140. -To the yand the said shaft has formed therewith the oscillating shaft 156 arefastened a plurality forked ends 101, 102 in which are respecofpreferably Curved arms 161 similar to 141, tively pivoted the suspensionrods 103, 104. which have fastened thereto a covering 163 e suspensionrods 7 3 and 83 are connected similar to 143 that constitutes therewitha 3 21) at their lower portionsby the horizontal deflector designatedgenerally by 165. Guy

braceIOS, andat their upper portions by wires 16 6 connect the main ribs127, 130 the horizontal brace 109. Diagonal guys with the lowerportionsof thesuspension 110, 111 connect the'suspension rods 73 83. rods 74,84. Thesuspension rods 93, 94 are '1 he "suspension rods 7 1, 81 areconnected connected at their 11 per ends by a link 170 a by the braces112, similar to "108 and n, Y and beyond said linli the said rods areconbraceinot shown similar "to 109. Diagonal tinned in normallyhorizontal planes to guys 113, 114 connect the rods 74 and 84-. formmain ribs 172, 173 of the rear zeroi The. suspension rods :93 and 103are eon planes of the machine. The rods 103 and a nectedat theirlowerportions by the hori- I l-3i are connect-ed at their uppenends by a30 /lontallbrace 115- and'at their upper portions link 175 similar to170, and beyond the "lat- 95 a by the horizontal brace ,119. Diagonalter link, the said rods are continued in norguys 121 connect thesuspension rods molly horizontal planes to form the main "1 3,103. Thesuspensioirrodsfii 10d are ribs 179, 180 10f the said rear aeroplanes.:izonnectmlhythe/brace 122 similar to 118, A plurality of longitudinalribs 182 are land a brace not showh similar to 1119. supported 0 he m nb 7 i A iDiagonalguys 123 124 connect the rhds 9 covering 183 iSsecuredto the top and hot- I104; The suspens on rods 73, 74 are contorn facesof the longitudinal ribs 182 and netted at their upper ends by a link125 form with the latter and main ribs 172, 179' and beyond said linkthesaid rods are oon th a t h aeroplane gn t d g ntinued in DOllliilllYhorizontal planes to conorally y 18 1 enthe main rihs 12$"and' 122 of.the An omillating shaft 186 is journaled in i from;aeroplanes of themachine The rods the-"front finds the longitudinal ribs 182 y 2connected at their upper ends by a and has fastened thereto the forkedarm 187 link similar; to and beyond the latter in which is pivoted thetrunnion block 188.

4'5 link the said rods are continued in normally To the latter ispivoted i D1 end of horizontal planesto constitute the main ribs theadjusting i [90. Tothe oscillating I 121 32-001 the said frontaeroplanes. A shaft 186 are fastened plurality of prefi i Hi oflongitudinalribs 132a1'c sup eralily curved arms v191, which havefasported on the main ribs 126 and 1:29. A covtened thereto a covering193 that constitutes odering 133 is seem-ed to'theltop'and bottomtherewith a deflector designated generally faces-of the longitiulinalrihs132, and forms by 1%. Guy wires 1% connect the main 1 withthclatterand the main ribs 126 and 129 ribs 172,179 with the lower portions ofthe "the front left hand aeroplane designated suspension rods 93, 103.The main ribs 173 ugenci-aily by 135, A oscillating shaft,136 130 arealso connected bv a plurality of lfijtflllflzllfi'il in the front endsof the longllrmgitudinal ribs 202 siniilar to 182. i A 129 ill'lllifilribs 132 and has fastened tl'icreto rm'erii'ig 203 is secured to thtopand hoti (the fnrk l am: 1517, in whi h pivoted the torn far-es of thelongitudinal rilos 202 and ll nnion olocl: 138. To the latter is pivotedtown with the latter and with the main ribs theupperendofjtl'ioadjusting rod 140. T o 1755. '1 80. the rear ri ht handaeroplane the oscillatingshaft 11-3 are fastened a pludesignatedgenerally M 205. l I rality of preferably curved arms 1-1-1 which inoscillating shaft QOG similar to 186 is have fastened thereto a covering143 that. iournaled in the front ends of the longiconstitntestherewith adeflector designate-l tudinal ribs 202 and has fastened thereto 1senor-ally by 145, Guy wires 146 connect the forked arm 207 similzir to187, in-which V 6: {l'lQIIifllIl llll'fil2s, with the lower porispivoted the trunnion block 208 similar 130 fljio .to the f end oftheadjustingrod 210similar to 190.

To the similar f a-,covering213 similar-W193, that constitat'es terewith erally by 215.

oscillatingshaft 206 are fastened a plurality .of preferably curved arms211 to .191, which have fastened thereto a deflector designated gen- GuyWires 216 connect the main ribs 173, 180, with: the lower of thesuspension rods 94, 104. Adjacent rout ends ofthe lower longitudinalmembers21, 22 are respectivelyfastened the journal brackets spectivelysupported the oscillating shafts 222, 223. At the outer ends of theshafts 222, 223 are f arms 224 and .225.

is pivoted in the arm 1 connected thereto the justing rod 140. v Atrunnion block 229si1nilar to228 is pivoted in the arm 225 andhasypivotally.connected thereto the lower end of' 220,. 221 in"which arererespectively fastened the forked trunnion block 228 224 and haspivotally ylower endof the adthe ad usting rod'160. At the inner ends[of the oscillating spectively fastened jacent to -therear members. 21,

shafts 222,223, are rethe'levers 230, 231. Adends of the longitudinalthe journal brackets235, 236 in which are a respectively supported theoscillating shafts 237, 238. At the outer ends of' the said shafts arefastened the forkedarms 239, 240.

i A trunnion block 241 is pivoted in the arm .35. in the arm 240 andfthereto the lower end of the adjusting rod 210., At the'innerends ofthe oscillating shafts 237, 238 ,and.246. Tires the upper ends ofthelevers 230, 245and 231, 246; Wires 252. 253 respectively coni nect thelower ends hers 21,22 and] carry the connecting brace 262. Anoscillating steering column 264 =with the tl'iesteering column betweenthe arms of A .239 and has pivotallyronnected thereto the adjusting rod190. A similar to 241 is pivoted has pivotally connected lower end ofthe trunnion block 242 are fastened the levers 245 250, 251 connectrespcctivelv of said levers. Brackets are respectively fastened to thefront ends of thelower longitudinal memsupported on the'bra -ie 262andrarrics the steering wheel.

A grooved 'mlley 266 is fastened to tlre forked bracket 263*and at thelower end i i 7 j of said steering column =arn i 267 w th thecrank 5extends from the bracket 263 and supports a is fastened crank pin 268.Apin 270 ;doublebell-crank having the arms. 271,272

and forked arm 273.

. respectively coniiect the f the lower ends of lovers 230,231.

Links 274 and. 275 arms 271, 272' with f-lnthe r-udder bracket 29isisupported the rudder shaft 1,280 whichTcarries the rudder 28L Acollar 282 w the upper end of the shaft 280,which latter at its lowerend Brackets 284 cxtcndingfrom the member 27 is fastened adjacent tocarries the pulley 283'.

portions" 22 are respectively fastened .tudinal ribs 327. to the top andbottom faces of the longitudicurved arms 332.

forked bracket 263 is;

have journaled thereon the guide pulleys 285 and 286. steering rope 287connects the pulleys 266 and 283 being guided over the guidepulleys 285,286. r

To the lower longitudinal member 21 and the second cross brace 24 fromthe front end of the machineis fastened a bracket 300, which supports ajournal pin 301.

ley 303 and at its lower end the pulley 304. The pulley 303 is connectedto the pulley 51 by means of the belt 305. At the front of the lowerlongitudinal member- 21 is fastened a journal bracket 310 thathasjOllI"? naled therein anadjnsting shaft 311. The said shaft hasfastenedthereto at its upper end the adjusting hand wheel 312, and atits lower end has secured thereto or formed therewiththe pulley 313. Abelt 314 connects the pulley 313 with the pulley 304.

A propelling engine 318 is connected up with the longitudinal mcmbers20,21 and 22, and has secured to its shaft the propeller 320. A seat 321 islocated at the front end of the machine.

-In the modified aeroplane shown in Figs. 19 and 20, 325, 326 are themain ribs onwhich are supported a plurality of l0ngi- A covering 328 issecured nal ribs 327 and forms with the latter and with the main ribs325, 326 the aeroplane designated shaft is journaled in the front endsof the longitudinal ribs 327. Fastened to the oscillating shaft 331 indifferent angular positions are a plurality of preferably Theoscillating shaft 331 has also fastened thereto the crank arm 333, andvthe adjusting rod 334 is connected to the crank arm I'n'the outer endsof the curved arms 332 is journaled a second oscillating shaft 335.Fastened to the second oscillating shaft in various angular po-.. 1!sitions are a plurality ofsecond curved arms 336. A crank arm 337isfastened to the OS- cillating shaft 335 and a second crank arm 338 isfastened to the oscillating shaft 331.

A link 339 connects the ends of the crank arms 337,338. A covering 340is connected to the curved arms 332 and a covering not shownsimilar to340 is connected to the curved arms 336. The curved arms 332,

336 with their coveringsand other appurtenances constitute an adjustablebalanced de- On the latter-1s journaled the sleeve 302 that has formedtherewith at its upper end the pulgenerally by 330. n An oscillatingflcctor in which the upward and downwardv I thrusts a gainst therespective surfaces deflector, balance one'another.

the operator seats of the.

To use th'e'invention, himself in the machine, the engine is started andthe machine is moved forward by the thrust of :the propeller. When themachine has attained the requisite velocity for flying,

the-operator pulls thesteering wheel 265 to- I ward himself, therebyswinging the steer ing column 264, the oscillating bracket 263 and thedouble bell-crank which is supported on the latter, around theconnecting brace 262. Through the agency of the links 274,

275, which are connected to the arms 271,

I' 272,. of the double bell-crank, the lower ends of the levers 230, 231are swung forward and they in turn pull forward the lower ends of .thelevers 245, 246, through the agency of the wires 252, 253, By thesemeans the oscillating shafts 222, 223 and 237, 238 are partially rotatedthereby swinging upwardly their respective forked arms 224, 225' and239, 240. The'adj'ustingrods 140, 160, 190, 210 being connected .attheir lower ends to the aforesaidyforked arms,

' are moved upwardly and the said rods being connected attheir upperends to the forked arms 137, 157, 187 and 207 respectively causea'partial rotation of the oscillating shafts 136, 156, 186 and 206,thereby raising the deflectors 145, 165,195 and 215. The air coming incontact with the said deflectors is deflected upwardly and after leavingthe deflectors does not return to its normal density immediately abovethe aeroplanes of the-machine, The air in passing over the deflectorsmay be likened to a body of water flowing over a dam. In the lattercase, the

' water after passing over the edge of the claim descends in a paraboliccurve. The space bounded by the parabolic path of the water, the face ofthe dam andthe distance from the foot of the dam to the point at whichthe water strikes the earth, contains only air and acertain amount ofspray.

' The deflectors in this invention are equivalent' tothe dam in theabove illustration and the airin passing over said deflectors descendsin parabolic curves and the spaces.

operatorand 'the deflectors raised the req j, uislte height, the machinewill rise fromthe ground. To. lower the machine the steering wheel ispushed :forward and by means of.

the immediate connections heretofore describedjthe deflectors arelowered, the vacuum above theaeroplanes is decreased and the machine asa consequence descends.

, The various deflector arms on each of, the

oscillating shafts 136, 156, 186 and 206'being located in different.angular positionsrelative to the upperfa'ces of their respective themachine. I

are forced to move in unison by reason of aeroplanes, the perpendiculardistances of theupper edges of each deflector. irom the upper face ofits accompanying aeroplane varies and decreases uniformly from the.inner longitudinal edge of each aeroplane minimum at the said inner edgeof each aeroplane. v

The frontaeroplanes 135, 155 of the ma.- chine having extendingdownwardly therefrom their respective suspension rods 73,

.83 and 74, 84, and the saidsuspension rods being connected to theforked ends of the shafts 70, which are journaled in the horizontalarms43, of the front bellcranks, it is evident that when said bellcranksare swung. about their axes, the front aeroplanes will move upanddown'in unison and their longitudinal axes will always remainparallel with the 'longitudinal'axis of The two front bell-cranks theconnecting rod The same results. are obtained with the rear aeroplanesby reason of their connections to the rear bellcranks and the fact thatthe rear bell-cranks are forced to more in unison by the connecting rod64. The vertical arms as and 61 of the front and rear bell-cranks, asalready described, are connected by',the central. connecting rod 65,the'location of the forward end of which rod can. be :variedby means ofthe screw 4.8.

The pressure'which it is necessary'to obtain against theunder surface ofeach aero plane to sustain the machine in a horizontal position in'theair, having been determined,

the forward end of the connecting rod 65 is set by means of the screw l8at such a p'osition on the arm -l-G, that the upward pressures againstthe front aeroplanes, acting through the bell-crank and connecting rod-65 will just balance the upward pressures against the rear aeroplanes.It is evident, therefore, that "when. the front and rear. aeroplanes aresubjected to their pre-deter mined pressures there will be no up or downmovement of the aeroplanes. Should the pressures, on the front"aeroplanes at; any H time/exceed thepredetermined amount there wouldimmediately be an unbalanced pull exerted on the connecting rod 65, bythe front aeroplanes- This would cause the frontaeroplanes to rise andpull the connecting rod 65 forward, thus lowering the rear aeroplanes..The adjusting; rods and being stationary they would cause thedeflectors I on the front aeroplanes to lower with respect to theiraccompanying aeroplanes a the aeroplanes rise, thus re being v fies-torsonthe' rear aeroplanes to rise with muses ducing the pressures under{respect to their accompanying aeroplanes as {the rearaeroplanesarelo-wered. This ra1s- .ing of. the front aeroplanes and lowering y -ofthe rear aeroplanes would continue until i j. the excess pressures hadbeen properly proportioned between the front and rear aeroplanes.- ,Themachine would then start to, "rise in a. horizontal position. to ahigher elevation. Should the operator not desire this he simpl pushesthe steering wheel I115 forward thus lowering all of the deflectors 'Iland bringing the totalpressureunder the jgvaeroplanes back to the normalamount. saaaa thepressure on therear aeroplanes "become excessiveitisevident that there- -20. lverfse actions from the above will takeplace. i 1 1e -automatic longitudinal, equilibrium of machineisthusassured.

aclilof the aeroplanes being pivotally piconiieiited. at the lower endsof their respec- 25 'tive suspension rods,to elements connected Withtheframe of the ,tha-t'unless thef pressures .on the oppositeaeroplanesfof.either the front or rear pair are'e'qual or' the pressuresmultiplied by horizontal distance from the centers of cation toilthepivotal points of their opposed heir pivotal points towardv the side ofthe machine Where 3=1the least pressure exists- It-follows there- "fforethat should the pressure on the left 1 hand front aeroplane becomeexcessive, both wflfrontj aeroplanes ,will swing toward. the I righthandside of the machine. W 40 occurs', the adjusting rod 140 pulls thedeflector of the left hand, aeroplane down.- wardly through the agencyof the elements before described, thus decreasing the presmachine, it isevident sure onthe left hand aeroplane and the adadjusting rod 160pushes the deflector of the right hand aeroplane upwardly, thusincreasing "the pressure on, the right hand aeroplane. When thedeflector of thefront left hand aeroplane moves downwardly, the E0proportion of decrease in. pressure is greatest at the outer edge'o'i.the aeroplane anduniformly decreases reaching its miniinlun atthe'inncredge of the aeroplane, *therefore; at thesamc time that thepres-' sureaunder the left aeroplane being decreased the centerfolpressure is being moved tel of the machine. [Dill-the; other hand, as

cling increased its center of ifeingnmvcd away from. the 'iachine. vlhisaction continue -unti-l-tl )lisite:acroplanew a pphcation is of theaeroplanes a re incomeoh that v thepressure on the 'righthandaeroplaneis application of the- .in toward the cencenter, of the 'necting rodthan is exerted v I, move downward and increase ie'pressui' cs under thepoints of the opposite aeroplanes have become equal. The aeroplanes willthen remain in this position until the cause, of the excess pressure hasbeen removed, at which time they will again return to their normalpositions.

Should the pressure under the right hand front aeroplane becomeexcessive the reverse action takes place. with respect to the lateralequilibrium of the rear pair of aeroplanes are obtained by their similarelements. By this means the automatic lateral equilibrium of the machineresults.

It will .be readily seen that both the alitomatic, lateral ments may bemade [at the same time. turn the machine to the operator turns thesteering the desired direction, and'by nieansof the The same results andlongitudinal adjust pulley 266, the steering rope 287, and the pulley283, the rudder is properly located.

This

This bank same tinie that causes the aero-' planes'to swing towardtheinner side of the curve thus banking the machine. lowered Whilemaintaining a horizontal position by simply moving the steering wheel2G5 backward or forward. The machine may, however, ascend or descend atan angle with the horizontal plane. When so doing it is evident that thehorizontal distances of the center of gravity of the machine from the.front and rear aeroplanes isaltered, thus changing the pressures on saidfront and rear aeroplanes]. To accomplish this the operator turns theadjusting ha'nd wheel 312 and through the agency of the pulley 313, thebelt 314, the pulley 303, the belt 305 and the pulley 51,.th-screw 48 isthe endof the connecting rod 65 to a new. position on the arm 46.

a fore described, the machine can be raised or Should the operator wishto descend at an angle, he moves the end of the connecting rod in towardthe axis of the ar1n46. This action causes the planes to exert a greaterpull on the con- I by the pres sure on the rear aeroplanes. The frontaeroplanes will then move upward and decrease their pressures and therear aeroplanes will their pres sures. This action continucsuntil thepressures on the front and rear aeroplanes exert an equal pull on theconnecting rod 65": The

rear aeroplanes are now sustaininga greater part of the .velght of themachine than.

. when in the horizontal position. -Therefore the front end of themachine has been lowcred the desired amount and the machine at thedesired angle The automatic longitudinal ad ustn'lent of the front andrear aeroplanes will main-1 tain the machine at any desired angle-inthesame way as it acts for horizontal trarel.

The rear edges of the aeroplanes are shown as having a slight upwardcurve. This is done to cause the air on the under side of the aeroplanesto give them a for- Ward thrust as it'leaves their rear edges, J

an aeroplane and a deflector adjustably conand thus compensate to someextent for the headresistance 0f the deflectors. i

Having described my invention, what. I

claim and desire to secure by'LettersPat- 1. In a flying machine thecombination of an aeroplane and automatic adjustable means to produce apartial vacuum adjacent to the upper surface of the aeroplane. 2. In aflying machine the combination of an aeroplane, means to alter theangular position of the aeroplane with respectvto the transverse axis ofthe machine and adjustable means to produce partial vacuums adjacent tothe upper surface of the-aeroplane. 8. In a flying machine thecombination of a pair of laterally opposed aeroplanes,

means to alter the angular positions of the aeroplanes with. respect tothe transverse j axis of the machine and adjustable means 'to producepartial vacuums ad acent to the upper surfaces of the aeroplanes, and todo crease the amount of vacuum onthe ascending plane and increase theamount of vacul the aeroplane.

5. In a flying machine the combination of an aeroplane, automatic meansto locate the aeroplane in different positions parallel to each otherand adjustable means to produce partial vacuumsa'djacent to the uppersura vacuum and move the center of unbalanced pressure against ghe underside of the aeroaeroplane gradually plane to new positions rel'ative tothelateral' margins of the aeroplanewithout altering 1 the angularrelation of the aeroplaneor any portion thereof with the lineof machine7. In a flying machine the combination of a plurality of aeroplanes andadjustable flight of the means connected to said aeroplanes; topronected to. the aeroplane, the angle of in'clination of said deflectorwith the upper surface of the aeroplane gradually decreasing froma'maximum at the inner toa minimum at I the outer lateral marginthereof. v

In a flying machine the combination of a plurality ofaeroplanes and adeflector adjustably connected to each aeroplane in proximity to itsfront edge and extending above the upper surface thereof, theangle ofinclination of said deflector with respect to the upper surface of theaeroplane gradually decreasing from a maximum at the innerto a minimumat the outer lateral margin thereof.

1.0. In a flying machine the combination ofqau aeroplane, a deflectoradjustahly connected thereto, the angle of inclination of said deflectorwith the upper surface of thedecreasing from a maximum at the. inner toa minimumat theouterlateral margin thereof and means to alter the anglesof inclination of the deflector with respect to the upper surface of theaeroplane.

11. Ina flying machine the combination of a plurality of aeroplanes,a'defiector. adjustably connected to each aeroplane n proximity to thefront edge thereof and projecting above the upper surface of the same,

the angle of inclination of each deflector wlth respect to the uppersurface of its ac companying aeroplane, gradually decreas mum at theouter lateral margin thereof,

- and means to alter the angles of inclination of each deflector withrespect to the upper surface of its aeroplane.

12. Ina flying machine the comlnnatlonof an aeroplane, an oscillatingshaft suptions decreasing froma maximum at the 'ing from a maximumat theinner a mini- I of a plurality of I aeroplanes, i

surface of their the angularity of said other, theaxes.of i beingparallel to the longitudinal axis of the said scrank arm.

.atfthe outer lateral margin of each aerio} plane, acovering-over-ieachset of deflector inner to a minimum atjthe outerlateral marginof the acroplane, a coveringfor the deflector arms formingtherewith-Ia deflec a crank arm connected to the oscillating sheftfand'an adjust ingsrod connected to- 13; Ina flying inachine the combinationan oscillating shaft. supported in each' aeroplane, deflector armsextending from each shaftin different angularpositions ;With respect totheupper aceompanyingaeroplanes,

positions decreasing from a maximum at the 1111181130 a minimumarmsformingtherewith a deflector, a crank armconnected to eachoscillating shaft and n; adjusting roolconne cted to each arm. jrlfa. Ina flying machine, apair of "laterally opposed aeroplanespivotallyconnected tojfthe frame of the machine and to each said pivotalconnections maohlne, and to each other; adeflector adjnstahly "connectedto each aeroplane, means to 'i simultane'ously lncrease or decrease theangleofinclination of both deflectors or to opposed "aeroplanes locatedin front of the center bf oscillate in unison about axes parallel to theopposed pairs of i i aneouslyin opposite-directions up ordown withoutaltering their aeroplanes and to increase one anddecreaseltheotherrelatively to :their accompanying oplanes.

l5.fj Ii1:a flying machine a pai'rjof laterally gravityzof thezmachine,a pair of laterallyopposed. aeroplanes" located to the rear of the saidcenter 'ofrjgravit'y, means to permit the laterally opposedaero'planesto l ngitudinal axis of the machine and to each other, means to permitthe longitudinally aeroplanes to movesimuls with! respect to the frameof the'mac'hine, angular relation with machine, other means to cause theupward movement of one pair of aeroplanes to move the other pair.downwardiwitli respect to the frame of the machine, afdeflector opposedpairs of aeroplanes are moving. in;

aeroplanesand a bothipairs of aeroplanes located above the; set oflaterally opposed-suspension rods, a

oppositedirections. q 16.? Ina flyingmachineajpa r of fron pair of rearaeroplane'rsj i of the machine,

axes of the bell cranks,

axes of the bell center of gravity of the machine and capable of up anddown movements with respect to the frame of the machine, an adjustableconnection betwten the front and rear pairs of aeroplanesthrough whichthe upward pressure against each, pair of aeroplanes is transmitted andreacts on and balances the pressure against theopposite pair, manually,

controlled means to adjust the connection between the front and rearpairs of aeroplanes and alter the ratio of the balancing pressures ofsaid aeroplanes and cause the L machine 'to incline longitudinally andchange the ratio of the horizontal distances from the ;center of gravityto the ,front and rear aeroplanes.

17. In a flying machine the combination of a frame, bell cranksjournaled in' the frame-on axes parallel to the transverse axis mallyhorizontal arms of the bell-cranks, the axes of said shafts beingparallel to the suspension rods pivoted'to the ends of said shafts onaxes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the machine, an aeroplaneconnected up with said suspension rods and a connecting rod connectingshafts journaled in the nor the normally vertical arms -of the bell acranks.

18. In a flying machine the combination of a frame, bell cranksjournaled in the frame on axes parallel to the transverse axis of themachine, shafts journaled in the normally horizontal arms of the bellcranks, the axes of said shafts being parallel to the cranks, aconnecting rod connecting the normallfy Vertical arms of the bellcranks, suspension rods pivotally connected to the-.ends of the shaftson axes parallel to thelongitudinal axis of the machine, linksconnecting the laterally opposed suspension rods at the uppergportionsthereof and an aeroplane connectedjup with each set of laterally opposedsuspension rods.

19. In a flying 1nachine,.-,',tlle combination of a frame, bell cranksjournaled in the frame in front of the centerfof. gravity of t e machineand on faxeswparallel to'the transverse axes of themachine, bell cranksjournaled in the frame inthe rear of the center "of gravity'ofltheuma'chine'on axes parallel to the transverse xis of the machine,shafts jouignaled inthe normally horizontal arms of the frontbelllcranks on axes parallel to the axes of the bell cranks, similarshafts journalod in the same manner in' the rear bell cranks, suspensionrodsj'pivoted to the ends cranks on axes parallel to axis-of themachine, similar pivoted in the the. shafts in necting rods, an 'aero'ilane connected the longitudinal suspension rods same manner totheyends of the rear bell cranks,l inks conup 1 with, each the.laterally opposed 9 ;suspension v of the shafts inthe front "bell 1connecting rod'connect'ing the normally Vertical arms of the front bellcranks, a similar connecting rod connecting the normally vertical armsof the rear hell cranks, and an adjustable connecting rod connecting thefront bell cranks with the rear hell cranks.

20. In a flying machine the combination "of a, plurality of laterallyopposed pairs of aeroplanes, a ,ilefiector connected to each aeroplane,means to alter the angle of in-. clination of'each deflector withrespect to the upper surface of its accompanying aeroplane, means topermit the laterally opposed aeroplanes to oscillatein unison aroundaxes being turned to the right or left, to cause chine and oppose theaction-of centrifugal force. l v l 21. In a flying machine, thecombination of an aeroplane, an oscillating shaft journaled 1n theaeroplane, a plurality of preferahly curved arms connected to the saidoscillating shaft, a crank arm supported on the oscillating shaft, on;adjusting rod, connected to said crank arm, a second crank arm connectedto the oscillating shaft, 11 second oscillating shaft journaled in thefront Kinds of the curved arms, a plurality of second curved armsfastened to the second oscillating shaftga crank arm connected to thesecond oscillating shaft, a link connect ing said crank; arm with thesecond crank arm on the first oscillating shaft and a covering connectedto the curved arms to form the aeroplanes on the outer side of the"curved path of the machine to rise and the inner aeroplanes to lower, tobank the matherewith a deflector.

Signed at the borough of Manhattan in the countv York, 1911. P

JOHN -J. MILLIN.

Witnesses MARTI ZIMANsKY, WV. H. Bownx.

of New York and State of New,

